History of Dilemmas of Humanity

Dilemmas of Humanity was born as a space for people’s movements, social organizations, political parties, and intellectuals to meet, debate global challenges, and build concrete alternatives to capitalism. The Landless Workers' Movement (MST) organized the first two international conferences of this process in Brazil. In 2004, the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro hosted the Dilemmas of Humanity Seminar: Dialogues Between Civilizations.

In 2015, the second conference was held at the Florestan Fernandes National School in Guararema, São Paulo (see photos below), which led to the creation of the International Peoples' Assembly and other internationalist political coordination tools. The III International Conference (see photos below), held in Johannesburg in 2023, reaffirmed that overcoming capitalism and imperialism requires a popular and alternative project, built by people in struggle—socialism.